To evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of simulation-based childbirth education (SBCE) on reducing fear of childbirth (FOC) of Chinese primiparas.
A total of 56 primiparas completed the trial including 26 in the intervention group and 30 in the control group. The intervention group received four sessions of SBCE while the control group received routine prenatal care. Chinese versions of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (WDEQ-A) and Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI) were used to evaluate FOC and childbirth self-efficacy. Birth outcomes including delivery method, labor duration and Apgar scores were collected.
Scores on the WDEQ-A of the intervention group were statistically lower than those of the control group (P &lt; 0.05). The CBSEI scores of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P &lt; 0.05). The cesarean birth rate of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group (34.61% vs 46.67%, P &gt; 0.05).
Simulation-based childbirth education alleviates FOC, increases childbirth self-efficacy and improves birth outcomes, providing a new perspective to alleviate FOC of primiparas in the future.
Simulation-based childbirth education is an effective and feasible method to educate women about childbirth. Its integration into routine prenatal care of Chinese primiparas should be encouraged to reduce FOC.
Simulation-based childbirth education is an effective and feasible method to educate women about childbirth. Its integration into routine prenatal care of Chinese primiparas should be encouraged to reduce FOC.Melanoma is the most lethal of skin cancers; however, survival rates are excellent if the tumor is detected early. Clinical practice guidelines for melanoma follow-up care recommend regular skin self-examination (SSE) for individuals at high risk for melanoma. The current analyses tested whether self-efficacy for SSE and intention to perform SSE mediate the relationship between physician support for SSE and SSE behavior among a sample of melanoma patients.
We ran a serial mediation model on a cross-sectional sample of melanoma patients (n?=?154) drawn from an observational study with longitudinal follow-up.
Self-efficacy and intention to perform SSE sequentially mediated the relationship between physician support and SSE behaviors (β?=?.31, t(152)?=?3.61, p?&lt;?.001 without mediators versus β?=?.11, t(150)?=?1.50, p?=?.14 with mediators), as supported by a significant total indirect effect (β?=?.21, [95 % CI?=?.08-.35]).
Self-efficacy for SSE and intention to perform SSE together explain the link between perceived physician support for SSE and the practice of SSE.
Physician communication about the importance of SSE plays an important role in encouraging patient adherence to SSE recommendations and, thus, supporting early detection efforts.
Physician communication about the importance of SSE plays an important role in encouraging patient adherence to SSE recommendations and, thus, supporting early detection efforts.Deficient information processing in ADHD theoretically results in sensory overload, which in turn may underlie its symptoms. If this sensory overload is caused by deficient filtering of environmental stimuli, then one would expect finding deficits in P50 gating and prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex (PPI). Previous reports on these measures in ADHD have shown inconsistent findings, which may have been caused by either medication use or comorbidity (e.g. ASD). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/peg300.html The primary aim of this study was therefore to explore P50 suppression and PPI in adult, psychostimulant-naïve patients with ADHD without major comorbidity, and to examine the effects of 6 weeks treatment with methylphenidate (MPH) on these measures. A total of 42 initially psychostimulant-naive, adult ADHD patients without major comorbidity and 42 matched healthy controls, were assessed for their P50 gating, PPI, and habituation/sensitization abilities at baseline and after 6 weeks of treatment with methylphenidate. Although six weeks of treatment with MPH significantly reduced symptomatology as well as improved daily life functioning in our patients, it neither significantly affected PPI, P50 suppression nor sensitization, but habituation unexpectedly decreased. The absence of PPI and P50 suppression deficits in our patients in the psychostimulant-naïve state indicates no gating deficits. In turn, this suggests that the difficulties to inhibit distraction of attention by irrelevant stimuli that many patients with (adult) ADHD report, have a different origin than the theoretical causes of sensory overload frequently reported in studies on patients with schizophrenia.Negative symptoms are present at the onset of psychosis and their persistence is significantly associated with poor psychosocial functioning and lower quality of life. Persistent negative symptoms (PNS) may be idiopathic or secondary to other factors such as depression, positive symptoms, and medication side-effects. Several studies have examined neurocognitive functions in early psychosis patients with PNS relative to non-PNS, but have not systematically controlled for secondary PNS (sPNS). The latter may have a distinct neurocognitive profile that could obscure differences between PNS and non-PNS. Using a large (n = 425) sample, we examined neurocognitive functions in PNS, sPNS, and non-PNS and hypothesized that PNS would be associated with greater impairments relative to non-PNS. Following admission to an early intervention program, a neurocognitive battery was administered after at least 3 months of treatment, and symptom data collected during a subsequent 6-month period were used to classify patients as PNS, sPNS and non-PNS. At month 12, both PNS and sPNS groups had significantly lower level of functioning relative to the non-PNS group but the sPNS group experienced higher levels of depressive and positive symptoms and were on a higher dose of antipsychotics. Relative to non-PNS, PNS patients exhibited significant impairments in verbal memory and working memory, whereas sPNS patients exhibited a trend towards greater impairments in verbal memory. This study confirms that the presence of PNS or sPNS negatively influences functioning with more selective cognitive impairments found in PNS, providing evidence that these groups of patients could benefit from different personalised interventions.